Inclusion–Exclusion Principle
This is a repost of a note I wrote two years ago on the inclusion–exclusion principle when I was taking a class on Probability. The en-dash (–) in the title was AI-generated, because I searched for “en-dash” and the first thing that popped out was Google’s AI overview. I just copied the symbol from its output. In this article, the conjunction (intersection) of events is written as $E_1 \cap E_2 = E_1 E_2$. ...